Principles and Systems for Planning of Human Resources in Research and Technology in the OECD Countries, and Lessons for Israel

David Cohen, A. Shaliv, B. Toren

Cite As:
Cohen David, Shaliv A., Toren B.. Principles and Systems for Planning of Human Resources in Research and Technology in the OECD Countries, and Lessons for Israel Haifa Israel: Samuel Neaman Institute, 1991. https://www.neaman.org.il/EN/Principles-Systems-Planning-Human-Resources-Research-Technology-OECD-Countries-Lessons-Israel

Download files:

6-108.pdf(3611KB)

The aim of manpower planning is to ensure efficient use of human resources in a certain country or economic branch, or in a certain company from the point of view of both economic and social development.

Opinions differ as to the need for manpower planning and even among those who believe that manpower planning is indeed required there are different opinions as to execution methods and to what extent is planning required.

Manpower planning is connected both to economic planning and the planning of education. As to economic planning it is needless to say that a country trying to plan its economic growth must devote special attention to the scope and composition of the working force needed for its economy.

As to the planning of the education system it is clear that the output of the system together with the emigration balance of the relevant manpower determines the character and level of the working force in the economy for many years. Most countries today accept and welcome the planning of education by the State in order to advance economic aims.

"Manpower forecast" is at present the primary method in the world for combining planning of education with economic planning. At the base of this approach is the attempt to foresee the demand for professional manpower from the aspect of the need to achieve a certain level and composition of national product or industrial output. Manpower forecasts indicate an educational distribution of the manpower in the target year based on data of the base year or extrapolation of trends in the past, while taking into consideration expected development trends during the years of the plan in all relevant areas. The stress in manpower planning is that through forecasting it is possible to discover shortage or surplus in certain areas or branches thus avoiding bottlenecks in economic growth or in providing certain services.

In the 1960's plans for expansion of the education system were prepared in most countries in view of forecasts which indicated a shortage, in the long range, of scientific and technological manpower. Follow-ups conducted a decade later showed that most of the forecasts did not materialize. Reality proved that there are numerous alternatives for professional specialization such as professional retraining, changing production processes or importing skilled manpower and even rotation of workers and capital or of workers of different sorts. The lesson learned from manpower forecasts is that there is no way of forecasting the long range demand for skilled manpower in a narrow professional field. The present trend, therefore, is to concentrate on short and medium range forecasts, "active manpower policy" striving to be involved in work markets.

Publications that might interest you

Evaluation of the Technion Excellence Programs

Eran Leck , Vered Gilad , Orly Nathan , Bella Zalmanovich , Daphne Getz

Ultra-Orthodox Youth: Status Assessment for 2011 and Three Possible Scenarios for 2021

Reuven Gal , Gilad Malach

From frontal teaching to remote learning to active online education

Arnon Bentur , Eli Eisenberg , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Amir Winer , Golan Tamir , Tamar Dayan

Perceptions of Technion Alumni and Students on Developing Their 21st Century Skills

Yehudit Dori , Rea Lavi , Marina Tal

Technological forecasting for scientific and technological human resources- final report 2020

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Vered Gilad , Ella Barzani , Ayelet Raveh

Focused Repatriation. The Demography and the Social Processes in the Jewish Communities in the World

Ilia Zatcovetsky , Ayelet Raveh , Daphne Getz

‘Tal’s Law’ – Background, Challenges and Optional Solutions.

Reuven Gal

Leadership and Academic Management in Institutions of Higher Education – Universities. Literature survey and in-depth interviews with officials

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Sima Tziperfal

How to bring (more) Ultra-Orthodox students to science and technology studies? Summary of a Round Table meeting, 19.12.2021

Arnon Bentur , Reuven Gal

Technological forecasting for scientific and technological human resources- Mapping, Best practices, and Policy recommendation for multidisciplinary studies in Israel

Daphne Getz , Vered Gilad , Tsipy Buchnik

Mapping Human Talent Requirements for Jerusalem's Hi-Tech and Biomed Industries

Daphne Getz , Eliezer Shein , Sima Tziperfal , Avida Shoham , Tsipy Buchnik , Rinat Klein , Ayelet Raveh , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Ella Barzani

Characterizing the term ‘Benevolent community’

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Shay Ben-Yosef , Ron Kenett , Ayelet Raveh , Reuven Gal

Best Practices (and/or Intervention Programs) for Benevolent Community

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Shay Ben-Yosef , Reuven Gal , Ron Kenett , Ayelet Raveh

Indicators for Benevolent Community

Shay Ben-Yosef , Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Ron Kenett , Reuven Gal , Ayelet Raveh

Community and Support Centers for Former Haredim – founded by Yotzim Le'Shinuy ('Out-for-Change') Association.

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Ron Kenett , Amir Ram , Lenna Kenett , Sima Tziperfal , Ayelet Raveh , Reuven Gal

From Geo/Bio-Politics to G2G Agreements and Public–Private Partnership: the Unique Role of the Israeli Eco-System in Ethiopia

Shelly Gottfried , Amir Sabhat , Eleonora Poli , Ayelet Raveh , Ilia Zatcovetsky , Nebiyou Yirga

Self-efficacy, Interpersonal Skills and STEM Career Choice The Case of the FIRST Project

Yehudit Dori , Shahaf Rocker Yoel

Is there a Shortage of Academic Degree Holders in Science and Technology?

Benjamin Bental , Dan Peled

High school high-level Physics in the last 4 decades 1975-2014 in Israel: Changes and implications

Eyal Sinai , Ruty Hanan , Orit Hazzan

Unique Characteristics in the Development of the Technion – Academic Excellence, National Contribution, Managerial Culture

Uri Kirsch

The IDF Conscription Model: Alternatives and novelties. Summary of a Round Table in Ben-Gurion's Spirit.

Reuven Gal , Shlomo Maital

Success Stories

Reuven Gal , chezki Farkash , Moshe Papo , Dorin Almog-Sudai

EMC Studies – a Report

Mayan Shachaf , Yehuda Morgenstern

A comparative study on the scientific and technological research in Israel and some middle eastern countries, using quantitative indicators, second ed

Yair Even-Zohar , Daphne Getz , Uri Kirsch

A comparative study on the scientific and technological research in Israel and some middle eastern countries, using quantitative indicators

Yair Even-Zohar , Daphne Getz , Uri Kirsch

Predictions for human resources in science and technology :Models and Indicators

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich , Noa Zemer-Batsir

Innovation Policy for Development: an Overview STE-WP-34

Manuel Trajtenberg

Immigrants in the Hi-Tech Sector: Comparison to Natives and the Effect of Training STE-WP-22-2004

Sarit Cohen Goldner , Zvi Eckstein

The Society and National Security

Nehemia Friedland , Asher Arian , Avi (Alan) Kirshenbaum , Amit Karin , Nicole Fleischer

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel - Selected Topics (summery)

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel - Selected Topics (Part B)

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel - Selected Topics (Part A)

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich , Marian Shumaf - Tehawkho , Sivan Frenkel

A Strategy for Developing Employment Opportunities for the Arabs in Israel: The Vision for Expanding the Arab Middle Class

Yusof Jabareen

Estimated supply and demand of manpower in the infrastructure engineering

Yehiel Rozenfeld , Adam Buchman

Technion's Contribution to the Israeli Economy through its Graduates

Amnon Frenkel , Shlomo Maital

Towards Mapping National Innovation Ecosystem: Israel's Innovation ecosystem

Amnon Frenkel , Shlomo Maital , Eran Leck , Daphne Getz , Vered Gilad

Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Smart Robotics- First report

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Roey Tzezana , Shlomo Rosenberg , Avida Shoham , Ella Barzani , Eran Leck , Sima Tziperfal

Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Smart Robotics- First report summary

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Roey Tzezana , Shlomo Rosenberg , Avida Shoham , Ella Barzani , Eran Leck , Sima Tziperfal

Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Smart Robotics Companies-Survey

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Roey Tzezana , Shlomo Rosenberg , Avida Shoham , Sima Tziperfal , Ella Barzani , Eran Leck

Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Smart Robotics- A report on Ethics, Law and Privacy

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Roey Tzezana , Shlomo Rosenberg , Avida Shoham , Ella Barzani , Eran Leck , Sima Tziperfal

Technological forecasting for scientific and technological human resources

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Eliezer Shein

Digital Engineering and its assimilation in engineering education

Avigdor Zonnenshain , Arnon Bentur , Tamar Dayan , Tsipy Buchnik , Kobi Reiner , Reuven Katz

Leadership and Academic Management in Higher Education - Universities: Exemplary Dean Leadership: A case study analysis

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein

Absorption of Senior Israeli and Foreign Researchers in Israeli Universities

Daphne Getz , Avida Shoham , Eliezer Shein , Ella Barzani

Advancing the acquisition of competencies, knowledge, skills, values and attitudes in the education chain

Eli Eisenberg , Arnon Bentur , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Tamar Dayan , Inna Zertser

Profile of "Outstanding Socially Committed Leadership"

Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Sima Tziperfal , Reuven Gal , Daphne Getz

Mapping continuing and external learning for academia graduates in the STEM areas, and the expected needs for LLL in the areas of emerging technologies

Tsipy Buchnik , Vered Gilad , Tamar Dayan , Avigdor Zonnenshain

Advanced Manufacturing

Avigdor Zonnenshain , Gilead Fortuna

Improving the role of Counselors for Advancement of Women's Status in academia in achieving better gender representation

Idit Salomon , Daphne Getz

Graduates of Israeli Universities MD- PhD Training Program

Daphne Getz , Avida Shoham , Eliezer Shein , Sima Tziperfal

World University Rankings

Uri Kirsch

data basis discussion formulation national policy

השקעות במו"פ אזרחי, הון אנושי ותפוקה מדעית-טכנולוגית של מו"פ בישראל: נתונים כבסיס לדיון לגיבוש מדיניות לאומית

Arnon Bentur , Daphne Getz , Marian Shumaf - Tehawkho

Women in Technological and Scientific Entrepreneurship

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein

First & second year report of Ramzor to the North Project

Nitsa Movshovitz-Hadar , Atara Shriki , Varda Zigerson , Ruti Segal

Israel-Us Academic Relations

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Bahina Eidelman , Ella Barzani

Israel Universities – Unique Aspects in a Changing World

Uri Kirsch

Some evidence towards the path to Scientific Excellence

Meir Zadok

Data Analytics approaches and tools survey for promoting advanced manufacturing

Ron Kenett , Inbal Yahav , Avigdor Zonnenshain

Technological forecasting for scientific and technological human resources

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Vered Gilad

National Youth Service as a Psycho-Social Process

Reuven Gal

Life Long Learning

Arnon Bentur , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Reuven Katz , Gilead Fortuna , Tamar Dayan

Artifcial Intelligence, Data Science and Smart Robotics Companies-Survey summary

Daphne Getz , Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Roey Tzezana , Shlomo Rosenberg , Avida Shoham , Sima Tziperfal , Ella Barzani , Eran Leck

Survey of medical school graduates in Israel 1981-2000

Naeomi Bitterman , Ilana Shalev

Technological forecasting for scientific and technological human resources 2019

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Vered Gilad , Sima Tziperfal

21st Century Engineering Education Forum: Insights, Methods of Action and Paradigm Changes

Arnon Bentur , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Rafi Nave , Tamar Dayan

R&D, Firm Size and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis, SNI R&D Policy Papers Series

Daniel Shefer , Amnon Frenkel

The Scarcity of Electronics Engineers and Computer Sciences Graduates in Companies Belonging to the Electronics Industry Association.

David Cohen , Ilana Shalev

Trends in Hiring Demands for Professionals by Companies Belonging to the Association of Software Developers in Israel

David Cohen

Human Resources Policy in an Age of Change, 1994, (Internal Report)

Daniel Shimsoni

Trends in Demand for Electronics Engineers and Graduates of Computer Sciences

David Cohen , Erez Arel

Social and Economic Implications of Employee Cutbacks

Bilha Mannheim , David Cohen

Principles and Systems for Planning of Human Resources in Research and Technology in the OECD Countries, and Lessons for Israel

David Cohen , A. Shaliv , B. Toren

Seminar: Training and Qualifying Teachers in Science and Mathematics

Zehev Tadmor , Abraham Berman , Shlomo Whacs

Turning the Pyramid Upside Down

Manuel Trajtenberg , Hadar Zer Aviv , Ron Leyzer , Ehud Uziel

Ultra-Orthodox Youth: Status Assessment for 2011 and Three Possible Scenarios for 2021

Reuven Gal , Gilad Malach

Towards a reform of the tax system

Manuel Trajtenberg , Itamar Popliker

Fixing military conscription by adding new mistakes? Critical comments on “Equal for All” guideline.

Asaf Malhi , Stuart Cohen , Reuven Gal

“Common Ground”: Agreed Road Map for Long-Term National Paradigms

Eitan Adres , Reuven Gal , Zehev Tadmor , Irad Yavneh

Statistical analysis of Corona data: A Roundtable

Ron Kenett , David Steinberg , Edna Schechtman , Reuven Gal

Focused Repatriation. The Demography and the Social Processes in the Jewish Communities in the World

Ilia Zatcovetsky , Ayelet Raveh , Daphne Getz

Arab minority participation in collective action for provision of public goods in the general Israeli society.

Eitan Adres

Periphery-Academy relations: past, present and future

Carmit Padan

‘Tal’s Law’ – Background, Challenges and Optional Solutions.

Reuven Gal

Survey Security Personal in the Mixed Cities 2020

Ali Nohad , Ruth Lewin-Chen , Ola Najami Yousef

Fake News and National Resilience. Report from round table discussion, July 29th, 2021

Eitan Adres , Reuven Gal , Ron Kenett , Ella Barzani

Violence, Crime, and Policing in Arab Society in The Age of Covid

Ali Nohad , Ola Najami Yousef , Yonatan Arie

Evaluation of R&D Instruments for Fostering Academia-Industry Collaboration: The Case of the MAGNET Consortia

Eran Leck , Vered Gilad , Daphne Getz , Sima Tziperfal , Rinat Klein

Survey of Attitudes of the Residents of Umm El-Fahm

Ali Nohad

Characterizing the term ‘Benevolent community’

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Shay Ben-Yosef , Ron Kenett , Ayelet Raveh , Reuven Gal

Best Practices (and/or Intervention Programs) for Benevolent Community

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Shay Ben-Yosef , Reuven Gal , Ron Kenett , Ayelet Raveh

Indicators for Benevolent Community

Shay Ben-Yosef , Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Ron Kenett , Reuven Gal , Ayelet Raveh

Community and Support Centers for Former Haredim – founded by Yotzim Le'Shinuy ('Out-for-Change') Association.

Ayala Keisar-Shugerman , Ron Kenett , Amir Ram , Lenna Kenett , Sima Tziperfal , Ayelet Raveh , Reuven Gal

From Geo/Bio-Politics to G2G Agreements and Public–Private Partnership: the Unique Role of the Israeli Eco-System in Ethiopia

Shelly Gottfried , Amir Sabhat , Eleonora Poli , Ayelet Raveh , Ilia Zatcovetsky , Nebiyou Yirga

"Post-Truth" Phenomena: Definitions, Consequences and Solutions

Shakked Dabran-Zivan , Ayelet Baram-Tsabari

Engineering, Society and Environment

Baruch Karp , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Arnon Bentur

Populism - A Survey of Recent Research

Shlomo Maital

Science & Technology Education in Israel: Selected Indicators for the Development of a Risk Management Strategy regarding Possible Future Shortages of S&T Teachers in Upper-Secondary Schools

Orit Hazzan , Tsipy Buchnik , Orly Nathan , Ayelet Raveh

Orthodox Employment - Information Booklet Second Edition

Ilia Zatcovetsky , Reuven Gal

Between (MACHA”R) Tomorrow and Today: Academic System for Haredim at a Cross-Road

Ilia Zatcovetsky , Reuven Gal

Ultra-Orthodox (‘Haredi’) Jews in Israel’s Society: A 2014 Status Report.

Reuven Gal

Changes in productivity amongst Jewish women

Ilia Zatcovetsky

MACHA'R IS ALREADY HERE

Ilia Zatcovetsky

Orthodox Employment - Information Booklet

Reuven Gal , Ilia Zatcovetsky

The Way to Integration

Ilia Zatcovetsky , Reuven Gal

"Road Map" - A National Program to Promote the Integration of the Ultra-Orthodox Population in the Israeli Economy

Reuven Gal , Ilia Zatcovetsky

A comparative study on the scientific and technological research in Israel and some middle eastern countries, using quantitative indicators, second ed

Yair Even-Zohar , Daphne Getz , Uri Kirsch

A comparative study on the scientific and technological research in Israel and some middle eastern countries, using quantitative indicators

Yair Even-Zohar , Daphne Getz , Uri Kirsch

Holistic Assessment of Science Communication Based on the Positions of Different Stakeholders: Scientists, Teachers, Undergraduates, High School Students, and the Public

Yehudit Dori , Zehavit Kohen , Orit Herscovitz

Do High-Skill Immigrants Raise Productivity? Evidence from Israeli Manufacturing Firms, 1990-1999 STE-WP-36

Daniele Paserman

Gender Issues in Computer Science and Software Engineering

Orit Hazzan , Dalit Levi , Tami Lapidot

The Society and National Security

Nehemia Friedland , Asher Arian , Avi (Alan) Kirshenbaum , Amit Karin , Nicole Fleischer

The Struggle for Palestinian Hearts and Minds: Violence and Public Opinion in the Second Intifada

David Jaeger , Klor F. Esteban , Sami H. Miaari , Daniele Paserman

Terror and the Costs of Crime

Eric D. Gould , Guy Stecklov

Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate

Claude Berrebi , Klor F. Esteban

Preliminary Reflections on Knotty Issues, University Education and Human Resources

Sheldon Rothblatt

The Triad Research University Model or a Post 20th Century Research University Model, University Education and Human Resources

Zehev Tadmor

The Golden Age of Scientific Technological Research University

Zehev Tadmor

On Mass Higher Education and Institutional Diversity, University Education and Human Resources

Martin Trow

Equity and Efficiency Effects of Different Funding Arrangements for Higher Education: A Calibrated Analysis Applied to Israel

Yaakov Gilboa , Moshe Justman

Tertiary Education in Israel A New Paradigm for Policy Making

Ami Volanski , Nissan Limor

The Jewish People Today: Between Necessity and Freedom

Aviezer Ravitzky

Comments on National Governance

Shlomo Avineri

The Necessity of Strategic Thinking: A Constitutive Vision for Israel and its Implications

Ruth Gavizon

Modern Jewish Identities and the State of Israel

Moshe Halbertal

A secular, liberal, modern vision of Israel

Zehev Tadmor

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel - Selected Topics (Part B)

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich

Human Resources for Science and Technology in Israel - Selected Topics (Part A)

Daphne Getz , Tsipy Buchnik , Bella Zalmanovich

Tuition Fees in Higher Education in Israel

Gury Zilkha

The Israeli innovation system: An overview of national policy and cultural aspects

Daphne Getz , Vered Gilad

The Neaman Document -A study on Israeli Public Diplomacy; A Joint Project of the S. Neaman Institute, Technion And the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel.

Dov Shinar , Roei Davidson , Dalia Liran-Alper , Lea Mandelzis , Arye Naor , Anat First , Naama Maoz , Haim Hagay , Sagit Yakubovich , Moshe Elad , Meir Shlomo

Choosing a Male Specialty:Women Surgeons

Pazit Savyon-Maram

Vouchers for New Immigrants as Tools for the Job Market

Miriam Erez , Anat Rotstein

Evaluation of the Rothschild Fellowships Program

Daphne Getz , Eran Leck , Orly Nathan , Yair Even-Zohar , Tsipy Buchnik , Vered Gilad

Trust in the institutions and pride in Israel's achievements in the first decade of 2000

Eppie Yaar , Yasmin Alkalai

Strengthening Social Resilience, Building Social Capital: Perspectives from Israel and China

Reuven Gal , Shlomo Maital

An Innovative Approach for Measuring the Digital Divide in Israel: Digital Trace Data as Means for Formulating Policy Guidelines

Sheizaf Rafaeli , Eran Leck , Yael Albo , Yael Oppenheim , Daphne Getz

Reforming Parental Leave: doing good to newborns, their parents and the economy

Manuel Trajtenberg , Ron Leyzer

Violence, Crime and Policing in Arab Society: Personal and Community Security Index- 2019

Ali Nohad , Ruth Lewin-Chen

Building a personal resilience through contact with nature in the times of Corona

Ofira Ayalon , Keren Kaplan-Mintz , Tzipi Eshet , Orly Nathan , Arin Khashan , Naama Shapira

Ancillary benefit assessment of JNF forests: physical and psychological well-being, cultural services, and economic aspects

Ofira Ayalon , Keren Kaplan-Mintz , Tzipi Eshet , Orly Nathan , Arin Khashan , Ziv Shina , Edna Fichtman , Naama Shapira

The Economic Impact of the Abraham Accords After One Year: Passions vs. Interests

Shlomo Maital , Ella Barzani

Evidence based risk management: a review of risk management models and methods

Ron Kenett , Carmela Hermesh

Social Resilience In Arab Society

Ali Nohad

Corporate responsibility of industrial sectors with enhanced environmental impact in Israel – From corporate responsibility to impact valuation

Levi Gottlieb

Assessing the economic ramifications resulting from climate warming in the city of Tel Aviv-Yafo

Naama Shapira , Orly Nathan , Dana Gabay , Ofira Ayalon

Advancing the acquisition of competencies, knowledge, skills, values and attitudes in the education chain

Eli Eisenberg , Arnon Bentur , Avigdor Zonnenshain , Tamar Dayan , Inna Zertser

Profile of "Outstanding Socially Committed Leadership"

Oshrat Katz Shacham , Rinat Klein , Sima Tziperfal , Reuven Gal , Daphne Getz

Past initiatives to strengthen the Israeli society: Lessons from the Past

Ron Kenett , Reuven Gal , Eitan Adres , Hagit Glickman , Ali Nohad , chezki Farkash

Democracy as a Critical Infrastructure during a State of Emergency

Dina Zilber , Eli Salzberger , Yael Cohen-Rimer , Reuven Katz , Barak Medina , Mordechai Kremnitzer , Michael Birnhack , Rinat Klein

Home: Milestones in Shaping a Policy for the Return of Residents to their Homes at the End of the War

Meirav Aharon Gutman , Yaron Yavelberg , Gil Rabivo , Galit Wellner , Yael Eylat Van Essen , Moran Koren , Ron Kenett , Ido Rom , Nili Shchory , Maayan Shiri , Golan Tamir