Energy Forum 55: Energy in refrigeration and air conditioning systems
Airconditioningsystemsforuseinbuildingsaredivided into twomaintypes: unitary systems and central systems. To the first type belong window air conditioners, split air conditioners and mini-central ones. These are standard systems that constitute the lion’s share of installations in residential buildings and quite a few also in public, commercial and industrial buildings. Their cooling output usually ranges from 2-15 kW […]
Energy Forum 48: Energy in a Smart City
Most of the world’s population now resides in cities. By 2030, the population of the cities around the world is expected to grow from 3.3 billion to 5 billion people. In Israel, approximately 6 million residents live in urban communities. Because of resource constraints, it may become difficult to provide all the services to city […]
Energy Forum 47: Combined Photovoltaic and Storage Systems to Produce Electricity From Solar Energy
In 2018, installations providing more than 100 giga-watts of solar energy were built worldwide, and the total global capacity of this energy was higher than 500 giga-watts. This volume represents an increase of 4% as compared to 2017, in comparison with an increase of 30% and 50% in the previous two years, respectively. In 2018, […]
Energy Forum 40: Natural gas for transportation in Israel
The problem of air pollution, resulting from the emission of pollutants in exhaust gas from motor vehicles, is growing worse, in the world and in Israel – especially in city centers. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is currently considered the most promising alternative fuel because of its availability and ecological advantages. Globally, there are millions of […]
Energy Forum 39: Microgrid and Smart Grid in an age of distributed production and renewable energies
Smart Grid is under development in many parts of the world, designed to replace the conventional power supply network. It is one of the leading issues in a modern energy economy and enjoys national priorities and massive investments. In Israel too, the issue is a high priority on the national energy agenda, even though the […]
Energy Forum 38: Steps for implementation following the approval of the Gas Outline in Israel
Israel’s natural gas era began in 1999 with the discovery of the Noa gas field off the coast of Ashkelon, followed by Mari B in 2000, both forming parts of the Tethys Sea partnership. The Tamar reservoir was discovered at the beginning of 2009 and supplies gas since April 2013. Since then, natural gas reservoirs […]
Energy Forum 37: Energy security in Israel
In Israel, as in many western countries, there is an understanding that national security largely depends on the proper functioning of the national infrastructure, including a stable supply of various forms of energy. Among those the electric power supply is particularly sensitive, for an event of non-supply due to malfunction, sabotage, or any other reason, […]
Energy Forum 36: Energy Efficiency in Israel: Systems Upgrade
Energy Forum 35: Energy Storage in Electricity Production
The electric power grid, by its nature, operates under unsteady conditions resulting from fluctuations in both power supply and demand. This results in difficulties in managing the grid. There are several ways to deal with such problems, the most immediate of which is the power utilities control mechanism which starts or shuts down different power […]
Energy Forum 34: Combined Heat and Power Generation
In electric power generation using high temperatures (typically by burning fuels or by nuclear fission), a large portion of the heat is rejected at a lower temperature. The amount of heat rejected, perceived as ‘waste heat’, is determined by thermodynamic principles and is, among other considerations, dependent on the operating temperature, as will be explained […]
