{"id":37018,"date":"2011-07-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/neaman.s390.upress.link\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/"},"modified":"2026-02-24T15:45:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T13:45:10","slug":"evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Despite many attempts to develop high-impact VC policies during the 1990s in Europe , most VC markets in Europe are still underdeveloped. Many of these policies were based on ‘traditional’ VC policy involve a mix of monetary incentives and institutional changes. In this paper, we present an alternative evolutionary VC policy, which is based on a dynamic analysis of emergence processes and on the co-evolution between VC and entrepreneurship. In addition, this perspective is based on a dynamic and adaptive view of VC policy during the industry development.
\nThe paper presents four case studies of VC development: Israel, UK, Scotland, and Germany. The insight from these cases is that successful evolutionary VC policies relies on few major factors:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0a strategic objective and a long-term commitment to enhancing VC market and high-tech cluster emergence and development<\/li>\n
  2. a phased-policy portfolio including both direct and indirect VC-policy components<\/li>\n
  3. a dynamic policy process, which is adaptive to the specific context<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Despite many attempts to develop high-impact VC policies during the 1990s in Europe , most VC markets in Europe are still underdeveloped. Many of these policies were based on ‘traditional’ VC policy involve a mix of monetary incentives and institutional changes. In this paper, we present an alternative evolutionary VC policy, which is based on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[68,40,529,67,1461,42,1614],"post_category":[],"class_list":["post-37018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-report","tag-68","tag-economy","tag-industry","tag-manufacturing","tag-science","tag-science-and-technology","tag-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEvolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite many attempts to develop high-impact VC policies during the 1990s in Europe , most VC markets in Europe are still underdeveloped. Many of these policies were based on ‘traditional’ VC policy involve a mix of monetary incentives and institutional changes. In this paper, we present an alternative evolutionary VC policy, which is based on […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Samuel Neaman Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"349\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"neamansu_admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"neamansu_admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"neamansu_admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8a0e988377554b7c3e95300825e279f5\"},\"headline\":\"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45)\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":167,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"2011\",\"Economy\",\"Industry\",\"Manufacturing\",\"Science\",\"Science and Technology\",\"Technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Report\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/\",\"name\":\"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg\",\"width\":240,\"height\":349},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/\",\"name\":\"Samuel Neaman Institute\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Samuel Neaman Institute\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Neaman_Institute_Brandmark_EN_Lockup-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/Neaman_Institute_Brandmark_EN_Lockup-1.svg\",\"width\":385,\"height\":92,\"caption\":\"Samuel Neaman Institute\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman.org.il\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8a0e988377554b7c3e95300825e279f5\",\"name\":\"neamansu_admin\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/neaman-c1cb3f55b1-b5h3cnebcnd7f2cd.a02.azurefd.net\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute","og_description":"Despite many attempts to develop high-impact VC policies during the 1990s in Europe , most VC markets in Europe are still underdeveloped. Many of these policies were based on ‘traditional’ VC policy involve a mix of monetary incentives and institutional changes. In this paper, we present an alternative evolutionary VC policy, which is based on […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/","og_site_name":"Samuel Neaman Institute","article_published_time":"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":240,"height":349,"url":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"neamansu_admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"neamansu_admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/"},"author":{"name":"neamansu_admin","@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/8a0e988377554b7c3e95300825e279f5"},"headline":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45)","datePublished":"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/"},"wordCount":167,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg","keywords":["2011","Economy","Industry","Manufacturing","Science","Science and Technology","Technology"],"articleSection":["Report"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/","url":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/","name":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45) - Samuel Neaman Institute","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg","datePublished":"2011-07-26T21:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-24T13:45:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#primaryimage","url":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg","contentUrl":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/20111016162138-1_20170425104545.185.jpg","width":240,"height":349},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/evolutionary-interpretation-vc-israel-germany-uk-scotland-ste-wp-45\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"","item":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Evolutionary Interpretation of VC Policy in Israel, Germany, UK and Scotland (STE-WP-45)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#website","url":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/","name":"Samuel Neaman Institute","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#organization","name":"Samuel Neaman Institute","url":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Neaman_Institute_Brandmark_EN_Lockup-1.svg","contentUrl":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Neaman_Institute_Brandmark_EN_Lockup-1.svg","width":385,"height":92,"caption":"Samuel Neaman Institute"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/neaman.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/8a0e988377554b7c3e95300825e279f5","name":"neamansu_admin","sameAs":["https:\/\/neaman-c1cb3f55b1-b5h3cnebcnd7f2cd.a02.azurefd.net"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37018"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59439,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37018\/revisions\/59439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37018"},{"taxonomy":"post_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neaman.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_category?post=37018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}